International Military Relations

ECTS 2 points

ECTS 0 points

WY 15 hrs

CA 15 hrs

WY 0 h

CA 0 h

Not applicable.

ECTS 2 points

WY 15 hrs

CA 15 hrs

Evaluation of students:

- class participation;

- individual work of a student (with presentation);

- oral examination.

The aim and the objectives lectures of the professor’s course are to review the concept of the phenomenon of force in international politics, the military dimension of the international environment and the study of military-political aspects of international relations; evolution of military means in the foreign policy of states and trends in the development of their Armed Forces, including:

• study of the concept of force in the theory of international relations, the concept of force policy and hegemony in international relations, the essence of the forceful policy and the interpretation of force in the basic paradigms of international relations;

• consideration of the main parameters of the military dimension of the international environment, the depending between the balance of power and the balance of interests in the system of international relations, the evolution of military force and views on the purpose and role of nuclear weapons in foreign policy, as well as the impact of the arms race on international crises.

The course consists of two content modules. The first involves clarifying the conceptual foundations of understanding the phenomenon of military force in international relations and studying the military-political aspects of international relations. The second is to study the evolution of military means and the principles the use of military force in international relations, the significance and development trends the Armed Forces of individual states in the regional and global context.

1. Abdulmajid Na'inna. (2021), Historical overview of major arms races in pre-21st century international system, Nigerian Air Force Institute of Technolo, August,11(2):34-48;

2. Arms race. march 16, 2023. https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/arms-race;

3. Balance of Power.6.07.2021. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/balance-power-political-science-view;

4. Balance of Power Theory | Definition, History & Examples. (2024) 28 March. https://study.com/academy/lesson/balance-of-power-theory-in-international-relations.html;

5. Brecher M., Harvey F. P. (1998), Conflict, Crisis and War: Cumulation, Criticism, Rejoinder, in: Conflict in World Politics: advances in the Study of Crisis, War and Peace, (eds.) Harvey F. P., Mor B. D., New York;

6. Charles L. Glaser (2000), The Causes and Consequences of Arms Races. Annual review of political science, Volume 3, Vol. 3:251-276 (Volume publication date June 2000) https://doi.o;

7. Charles L. Glaser. The Impact of the arms race on International crises. Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 3, 2000, pp 251-276;

8. Collin S. Gray.Hard Power and Soft Power: The Utility of Military Force as an Instrument of Policy in the 21st Century. January 2011.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279356537_Hard_Power_and_Soft_Power_The_Utility_of_Military_Force_as_an_Instrument_of_Policy_in_the_21st_Century;

9. Danylyuk, O. (2020). Ukrainian defense policy: challenges and trends after 2014;

10. David Lewis. Russia’s “Strategic Deterrence” in Ukraine. The Marshall Center Security Insights. April 2019, Number 029;

11. Ebaye, Sunday E. N. .Utility of Military Strategy as an Instrument of Foreign Policy. August 2010. African Research Review 4(1), An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 4 (1) January, 2010. (Pp 217-231). DOI:10.4314/afrrev.v4i1.58221;

12. Ed. Harry H. Almond. The History and future of Warfare. London, Kluwer Law Interational, 1999, 936p;

13. Ed. Podvig Pavel. Russian strategic nuclear forces. London, The MIT Press, 2001, 692p;

14. Edward A. Olsen (2002) US National Defense for the Twenty-first Century: Grand Exit Strategy 1st Edition. London, Frank Cass Publication. 210p;

15. El Ghamari, M. (2025). “Russian-Ukrainian War. Insights from modern conflicts focusing on the Polish TDF. Journal of modern science.2/62/2025. www.jomswsge.com. https://www.jomswsge.com/pdf-207314-127021?filename=127021.pdf&utm_source=chatgpt.com;

16. European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS). (2022). Russia’s war on Ukraine: Military balance of power. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2022/729292/EPRS_ATA%282022%29729292_EN.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

17. François Scheer. Power in general, and military power in particular. Dans Inflexions 2012/2 (N° 20), p. 215 – 223;

18. Frank A. Stengel. The Politics of Military Force: Antimilitarism, Ideational Change, and Post-Cold War German Security Discourse. 2020. University of Michigan Press: https://philarchive.org/archive/STETPO-136?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

19. Globsec (2022). Five Security Scenarios on Russian War in Ukraine for NATO’s Eastern Flank. https://www.globsec.org/sites/default/files/2022-12/ukraine%20scenarios%20report-v3.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

20. Havrylyuk, O. (2022). Strategic challenges for Ukraine's security policy in conditions of Russian aggression;

21. IISS Military Balance Blog. (2025). “Potential European mission in Ukraine: key military factors.”https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/military-balance/2025/03/potential-european-mission-in-ukraine-key-military-factors/?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

22. Introduction: Force and Foreign Policy Revisited. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/illusionofcontrol_chapter.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

23. ISW (Institute for the Study of War). (2025). The Russian Military: Forecasting the Threat. https://understandingwar.org/research/future-of-war/the-russian-military-forecasting-the-threat/?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

24. Jay Steinmetz (2019). Politics, Power, and Purpose: An Orientation to Political Science./Chapter 7: International Relations. https://fhsu.pressbooks.pub/orientationpolisci/chapter/chapter-7-international-relations-and-comparative-politics/;

25. Jeremy Black (2000). War: past, present and future, ST Martin Press& New York. 310 p;

26. Kalko Gabriel. Century of War . New York.The New Press. 1994, 546p;

27. Kuzio, T. (2022). Russian–Ukrainian War: Military and political dimensions;

28. Kyzym, M. О. та ін. (2022). War in Ukraine: analysis of the prerequisites, course and consequences. https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/28612/1/Shlykova_Стаття.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

29. Lawrence Freedman. The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy. London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, 566p;

30. Lt. Col. Timothy Thomas. Russia’s Forms and Methods of Military Operations. The Implementers of Concepts. Military review, May-June 2018. https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/May-June-2018/Russias-Forms-and-Methods-of-Military-Operations/;

31. Luiz Augusto Estrella Faria (2013), The value of the concept of hegemony for international relations, Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations |v.2, n.3, Jan-Jul 2013 | p.193-216.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321300108_The_value_of_the_concept_of_hegemony_for_international_relations;

32. Masters of War: classical Strategic Thought (2001) / Edited by Michael I. Handel, Frank Cass. London. 482 p;

33. Meicen Sun.(2014). Balance of Power Theory in Today’s International SystemFeb 12 2014. https://www.e-ir.info/2014/02/12/balance-of-power-theory-in-todays-international-system/;

34. Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy: The Use of Force Short of War. By Barry Blechman Editor & Co-Author, James Siebens Editor & Co-Author • Melanie W. Sisson Editor & Co-Author.іJune 15, 2020;

35. Military Economic Analysis and Evaluation. Vol. 13 No. 5(2023). https://paperssds.eu/index.php/JSPSDS/issue/view/40;

36. Military Policy. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/military-policy;

37. Morgenthau H. Politics among Nations. – 5th. еd. / Morgenthau. – N. Y : Alfred Knopf, 1973. – 617 p.;

38. Muchael E. Brown. Theories of War and Peace. The Mit Press Cambridge, London, 1998. – 566p;

39. Nagel J. Some Question about the Concept of Power / Nagel // Behavioral Science, XIII. – 1968. – March. – P.129–137;

40. Nagel J. The Descriptive Analysis of Power / J. Nagel. – New Haven : Yale University Press, 1975. – 208 p;

41. NATO. (2025). “Deterrence and Defence” (NATO topic page). Updated: 26 June 2025.https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/deterrence-and-defence?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

42. NATO. (2025). Updated: 24 April 2025. https://www.nato.int/en/about-us/official-texts-and-resources/secretary-generals-annual-report;

43. Niou E. A Theory of the Balance of Power in International Systems / E. Niou, P. Ordeshook // Journal of Conflict Resolution. – 1986. – Vol. 30, No.4. – P. 685–715.October.566p;

44. Power in Contemporary Politics: Theories, Practices, Globalizations First Edition by Henri J M Goverde (Editor), Philip G. Cerny (Editor), Mark Haugaard (Editor), Howard H Lentner (Editor);

45. Power: A Radical View і The Anatomy of Power. – 2016. https://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Power-A-Radical-View-Steven-Lukes.pdf;

46. Realist International Theory and the Military. 25 February 2022. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_103-1;

47. Rekomendacje do Strategii bezpieczeństwa narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Warszawa, 4 lipca 2024 r. https://www.prezydent.pl/storage/file/core_files/2024/7/4/7fa9f08052b51758d6ed4e9a11a9d32d/REKOMENDACJE%20SBNRP%204%20lipca%202024.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

48. Richard N. Haass, Intervention: The Use of American Military Force in the Post-cold war World. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment, 1994), Appendix F, pp. 199-204. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/military/force/article.html;

49. Richard N. Haass. The Use and Abuse of Military Force. Brooking Policy Brief Series Monday, November 1, 1999. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-use-and-abuse-of-military-force/;

50. Ronald L. Tammen, Jacek Kugler (2017). Foundations of Power Transition Theory. 26 October. https://oxfordre.com/politics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-296;

51. Russian Armed Forces: Military Doctrine and Strategy. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF11625.pdf;

52. S. A. Maqsood. National strategy and the use of military power. Pakistan Horizon Vol. 22, No. 2 (Second Quarter, 1969), pp. 120-126;

53. Samuel Charap. Russia’s Use of Military Force as a Foreign Policy Tool: Is There a Logic? October 19. 2016. https://www.ponarseurasia.org/russia-s-use-of-military-force-as-a-foreign-policy-tool-is-there-a-logic/;

54. Semenenko, O. (2023). “Regarding the assessment of the potential military and political balance in Europe.” Journal of Security and Sustainable Development Studies;

55. SIPRI Yearbook 2024: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/yb20_summary_en_v2.pdf?;

56. Steven E. Miller, Robert Legvold, and Lawrence Freedman. Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age: Nuclear Weapons in a Changing Global Order. https://www.amacad.org/publication/nuclear-weapons-changing-global-order/section/4;

57. Suat Begeç. Armed Forces as an Element of National Power, and Compulsory Military Service, Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies Volume: 3 – Issue: 4 – October – 2013. P. 179-199. https://www.ojcmt.net/download/armed-forces-as-an-element-of-national-power-and-compulsory-military-service.pdf;

58. The Defense Policies of Nations: A Comparative Study Paperback – (1994) / Edited by Douglas J. Murray, Paul R Viotti, Paul R Viotti, The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimor. 611p.The Concept of Defence of the Republic of Poland. https://zbrojni.blob.core.windows.net/pzdata2/TinyMceFiles/KORP_DRUK1.pdf;

59. The Russian military into the twenty-first century/ edited by Stephen J. Cimbala. Frank Cass Publishers, London, 2001, 220p;

60. The Three Paradigms of International Relations Theory: an Overview. https://www.academia.edu/3200319/The_Three_Paradigms_of_International_Relations_Theory_an_Overview;

61. Tymchuk, H. (2020). The Impact of the Ukraine–Russia Conflict on NATO: Security challenges for the Alliance. (MA thesis, Charles University). https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/120730/120370757.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com;

62. V. V. Gerasimov, “The Organization of the Defense of the Russian Federation under Conditions of the Enemy’s Employment of ‘Traditional’ and ‘Hybrid’ Methods of Conducting War,” Journal of the Academy of Military Science 2 (2016): 19–24;

63. Zabrodskyi, M., Watling, J., Danylyuk, O., Reynolds, N. (2022). Preliminary Lessons in Conventional Warfighting from Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: February–July 2022. RUSI. https://static.rusi.org/359-SR-Ukraine-Preliminary-Lessons-Feb-July-2022-web-final.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

- K_W03: Knowledge: graduate knows and understands the essence, specificity and the evolution of institutions functioning in particular areas of international relations with special focus on political, economic, cultural and military area;

- K_W05: Knowledge: graduate knows and understands processes of cooperation, integration and competition in the international environment;

- K_U01: Skills: graduate can use knowledge to identify and solve complex and not typical problems and tasks resulting from the dynamics and changeability of

international environment;

- K_U05: Skills: graduate can plan and organize individual and team work to solve problems and perform practical tasks in the field of international relations, as well as to cooperate within interdisciplinary teams;

- K_K01: Social competencies: graduate is ready to critical approach to the knowledge and received content in learning process and in public debate;

- K_K07: Social competencies: graduate is ready to awareness and sensitivity towards international security threats and other global problems.